One of the most important revisions of UL 9540 Second Edition is that the standard now defines applications in which an ESS can be used and lists and aligns approvals with relevant changes and updates in installation codes. The scope of the standard now limits the maximum allowable energy capacity for some types of ESS, depending on their intended use. The addition to coverage reflects provisions found in the 855 version of NFPA 2020, the 2018 International Fire Code, and the 2018 International Fire Code.
The maximum energy capacity of the individual electrochemical ESS is the following values;
Outdoor wall-mounted electrochemical ESS 20 kWh (72 MJ),
Residential use electrochemical ESS 20 kWh (72 MJ),
The non-residential electrochemical ESS shall not exceed 50 kWh (180 MJ), except where permitted based on specific evaluation criteria set out in the Standard.
If the electrochemical ESS meets the required performance criteria according to UL 9540, the Test Method for Evaluating Thermal Leakage Fire Propagation in Battery Energy Storage Systems, systems exceeding these values will be Listed and certified.
If the anticipated installation exceeds the capacity limits, a listed or approved electrochemical ESS will be required to identify the UL 9540 report. Instructions for the ESS should include the UL 9540A report ID, test organization and date.
Covered by UL 1778, Standard for Uninterruptible Power Supply Equipment, ESS using lead-acid or nickel-cadmium batteries serving only as an uninterruptible power system (UPS) is outside the scope of UL 9540. Because UL 9540 has been revised to consider applications that go beyond the scope of UL 1778, other electrochemical sources such as lithium-ion or capacitors in a UPS application may fall under UL 9540.
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