Pd, Palladium Ore Mineral Analysis

Bright, silver colored palladium is an element that forms an important component of fuel cells and catalytic converters. It is rarer than gold or platinum. The largest palladium producing countries in the world are Canada, South Africa and Russia. Palladium is one of the six elements in the platinum group, along with platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, osmium and iridium. These six metals are recognized as excellent catalysts or substances that accelerate chemical reactions. At room temperature, palladium is solid. Its melting point is 1600 degrees and its boiling point is around 3000 degrees.

Palladium is a malleable and non-tarnished element. This feature has made the palladium a popular metal for jewelry. However, the main use of this element was in catalytic converters produced for cars. When a car's internal combustion engine burns fuel, the reaction is not complete. Before the catalytic converters were developed, all harmful gases, including unburned hydrocarbons and nitrous oxides, were coming out of the exhaust pipe and mixed with the air. The catalytic converter is a pipe, usually ceramic, coated with palladium, platinum or rhodium. Exhaust from the engine proceeds by reacting with palladium nanoparticles along the way.

With the release of strict emission rules and the growing market of automobiles, palladium has become more demanding than ever for catalytic converters.

Palladium is also used in dentistry, jewelry making, blood glucose test strips, watch making, aircraft spark plugs and surgical instruments.

According to geological research, all six platinum group elements make up only 0.5 parts per billion of earth's crust. These are mostly found in ore deposits formed by the cooling of magma.

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