Renault D42 1235 Rubber and Plastic Parts - Impact Resistance

In the Renault D42 1235 standard developed by the French Renault automobile company, the requirements for the impact resistance of rubber and plastic materials used in vehicles are explained and the falling weight test method is defined.

Thermoplastic elastomers (thermoplastic rubbers) are a chemically bonded combination of multiple polymers, generally plastic and rubber, that have both thermoplastic and elastomeric properties. The thermoplastic property is useful in injection molding, while the elastomeric property gives the object the ability to flex and return to its nearly original shape. These materials are used everywhere in the interior and exterior of vehicles. Studies are underway to improve the mechanical properties of polymers, for example to increase impact strength. At the same time, automobile manufacturers are constantly looking for lighter materials that are resistant to damage.

Determining the impact resistance is important to understand the mechanism by which the desired mechanical properties in the material arise and thus how they can be achieved.

The falling weight impact test is one of the methods used to evaluate the impact properties of polymers. The specimen used for testing is usually a flat plate that is custom molded or cut from a larger component. It is supported on its sides and centrally impacted by a vertically falling dart. The impact performance of polymeric components is related to absorbing energy from the system through deformation or damage formation when the component is impacted. Therefore, it is the energy required to break the specimen in the falling weight impact test, which is initially recorded to characterize the impact behavior of the material.

Impact strength is calculated by dividing the impact energy by the thickness of the sample. The test result is usually the average of five samples.

Briefly, the impact or shock resistance of an elastomer is determined by hitting a sample with a pendulum (hammer). The sample is placed at the lowest point of the arc crossed by the pendulum head. Measuring the difference in the pendulum's rise distance after impact compared to the same rise with nothing in its path determines the energy at break of the sample, which is a measure of impact strength.

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