The ISTA Procedure 3D shipping procedure is designed to test packaged products for less than truckload (LTL) shipments. The procedure is a general simulation test for packaged products shipped with an engine carrier distribution system. These systems handle different types of packages from different carriers and are designed for different destinations. This post type is considered to be LTL.
ISTA's 3D Procedure addresses four types of packages. Standard packages are 200 pounds or less. Flat packages and long packages can be considered as standard packages. There is also a classification of standard packages for packages over 200 pounds including straight and extended. Cylindrical packages are included in this procedure. The last type is crawler or skid. These packages can be individual containers, bulk containers or unit loads. To be qualified, the forklift must include a base or platform that allows forks to enter.
Long packs are defined as standard or cylindrical packs, where the longest dimension is 36 inches or larger. Also, other dimensions of the package should be 20% or less of the longest size. Flat packs are a standard pack where the shortest size is eight inches or less. Also, the next longest dimension is four times or larger than the shortest dimension. The final requirement for a package to be considered flat is that the volume must be 800 cubic inches or higher.
Where a package meets the requirements of both a flat and extended package, the package should be tested as extended.
Rigid containers are any standard, palletized or skidded container that meets one of the following criteria. First, the outer packaging can provide insufficient protection against concentrated low-level impacts. Another criterion is that the design has large unsupported outer packaging material ranges. The third possible criterion is that the outer packaging uses a stretch or shrink wrap design, a thin flute or slightly corrugated cardboard or just a paper wrap or similar lightweight material. The last criterion is that the outer packaging wall is in direct contact with the product.
ISTA 3B describes specific tests for each package type. Tests and sequences will vary depending on the package type. Most packages will need to pass status, shock test and vibration test. The shock test may include tipping, free fall drop, concentrated impact, full rotation drop, concentrated edge effect, slope effect, bridged impact and drop on a hazard.
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