It is important to make sure that any designed or selected antennas will perform as intended during the research and development of any Internet of Things (IoT) device or Machine-to-Machine (M2M) product.
For example, when designing an antenna for a large stationary device such as a vending machine, it is probably mounted or placed on a wall. It would be ideal for this environment to design or select an antenna that concentrates its energy and spreads towards the front of the device. In the case of a mobile device such as a smartphone, it is important that the antenna spreads in all directions and does not lose its communication connection when the user moves away from the cell tower or looks in a certain direction. Wireless antenna testing and measurements are the only way to qualify the entire signal path and antenna model of a wireless device.
Most cellular technologies such as GSM, GPRS, EGPRS, CDMA, 1xRTT, 1xEVDO, WCDMA, LTE, LTE Advance and wireless technologies such as 802.11 a / b / g / n / ac, Bluetooth and ZigBee will use an error correction algorithm before disconnecting the output power. to compensate for the weak receive signal by increasing or decreasing the data rate. This will shorten battery life, heat the device, and / or lower the data transfer rate. OTA testing of antennas can help product development teams identify problem areas and improve product reliability and end-user experience.
As many IoT and M2M devices become more and more compact, antennas can sometimes create inefficient situations that can block and disrupt devices wirelessly. In addition to power measurements, the OTA test can perform precision measurements to show how internal components affect the performance of the RF radio. This allows product developers to see where the problems are during normal operation and how they affect the performance of the product.
When integrating an antenna into a product, the environment can affect the characteristics of the antenna.
Antenna model change
The shape of the radiation pattern can change as energy is absorbed or reflected
Impedance mismatch loss
Energy to the antenna is reflected back
Antenna detection
The frequency at which the most power is emitted passes into another frequency
Self-Initiative
Emission from internal components and co-antennas reduces antenna performance
Product certification
- Wireless Operators such as Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile and Sprint require cellular products to be CTIA (Cellular Telecommunications and Internet Association) certified and meet minimum performance requirements before their networks are allowed
- PTCRB (PCS Type Certificate Review Board) Certificate
Antenna Test - Antenna Characterization / Antenna Pattern Measurement
- Antenna radiating, antenna radiation pattern
- How far the antenna has spread in the direction of the peak
- How much of the input energy emits an antenna
PTCRB and CTIA Certified Test
TRP (Total Radiating Power)
- What is the total antenna power emitted by the antenna?
- Measures every 15 degrees increments
- 0 - 165 degrees Phi Axis
--Teta Axis -165 to 165 degrees
- Takes 264 measurements per polarization
Total 528 measurements
TIS (Total Isotropic Sensitivity)
- What is the lowest total signal that the antenna can receive and maintain a reliable communication link
- Measures every 30 degrees increments
- Phi Axis between 0 - 150 degrees
Theta Axis between -150 and 150 degrees
- Takes 50 measurements per polarization
- Total 120 measurements
Intermediate Channel Degradation Sweeping
- Channels in working frequency band, computer processors, clocks, high-speed memory, display, etc. How is it affected by interference in the internal circuit of the antenna?
Co-Asset Intervention
- How much interruption occurs when more than one wireless transceiver is working at the same time.
Many of these products are also known as machine-to-machine (M2M) or Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Intel analyzed about 2006 billion IoT devices in 2, 15 billion devices today, and predicted 2020 billion by 200.
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