Oxide Determination

Oxides are chemical compounds in which one or more oxygen atoms combine with another element. Oxides are binary compounds formed by oxygen with another element, such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, calcium oxide, carbon monoxide, zinc oxide, sodium oxide, water, and similar elements. These are called oxides because here oxygen is only in combination with one element.

According to their acid-base properties, oxides are classified as acidic, basic, amphoteric or neutral:

• Oxides that form acid by combining with water are called acidic oxides.
• The oxide that gives a base in water is called basic oxide.
• An amphoteric solution is a substance that can react chemically as an acid or a base.
• However, it is also possible for an oxide to be neither acidic nor basic, ie a neutral oxide.

Acidic oxides are oxides of non-metals that form acids with water (for example, sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid, and carbonic acid). Acidic oxides are known as acid anhydrides (for example, sulfur dioxide is sulfurous anhydride) when combined with bases to produce salts.

Basic oxides, often group 1 and group 2 elements, form bases called base anhydrides or basic oxides (for example, potassium hydroxide). Basic oxides are oxides of metals. If they are soluble in water, they react with water to produce hydroxides (alkalis) (for example, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide). These metallic oxides are known as basic anhydrides. They react with acids to produce salt (eg magnesium chloride and sodium sulfate).

An amphoteric solution is a substance that can react chemically as an acid or a base. Amphoteric oxides exhibit both basic and acidic properties. When they react with an acid, they produce salt and water with basic properties. When reacting with alkalis, they form acidic salt and water.

Neutral oxides show neither basic nor acidic properties and therefore do not form salts when reacted with acids or bases. For example, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, and the like are neutral oxides.

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