In chemistry, a compound that is acidic has a low pH, as opposed to a base that has a higher pH. Various acids and vinegar are also acidic. Essentially, the expression acidic originally comes from acid, meaning the taste of vinegar, and the Latin word acidus, meaning acid or pungent.
Acids are very common in certain foods. Citrus fruits such as oranges and lemons contain citric acid and ascorbic acid, better known as vitamin C. Fizzy drinks contain phosphoric acid. Vinegar contains acetic acid. The stomach uses hydrochloric acid to digest food.
Acids are a separate class of compounds due to the properties of their aqueous solutions. For example, aqueous solutions of acids are electrolytes, that is, they conduct electric current. Some acids are strong electrolytes because they completely ionize in water, giving a large number of ions. Some acids are weak electrolytes that are primarily in a non-ionized form when dissolved in water.
Solutions are classified as acidic or basic based on their hydrogen ion concentration relative to pure water. Acidic solutions have a higher hydrogen. Generally, the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution is expressed as the pH value. The pH value is used to describe solutions in terms of acidity or basicity (alkalinity). The scale is logarithmic, so a change in 1 pH unit corresponds to a tenfold change in hydrogen.
If the chemical pH value of a substance (i.e. hydrogen strength) is greater than 7, that substance is basic (alkaline), and if it is small, it is acidic. Whether the solutions are acidic or basic is determined by measuring the pH value.
There are mainly two types of acidic: organic acid and mineral acid. Organic acid is the acid obtained from organic substances such as plants and animals. For example, citric acid obtained from citrus fruits, acetic acid obtained from vinegar, oleic acid obtained from olive oil and the like. Mineral acid is obtained from minerals.
From left to right in the periodic table, the acid-base character of oxides and hydroxides goes from basic to acidic.
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