Macrolides are bacteriostatic antibiotics with a broad spectrum of activity against many gram-positive bacteria. Currently available macrolides are well tolerated, available orally, and are widely used to treat mild to moderate infections. But several macrolide antibiotics have been linked to liver damage.
.jpg "Macrolide Analysis (Erythromycin)")
Five macrolide antibiotics are currently available for use in the US, and one of them is erythromycin. Erythromycin was first isolated in 1952 from the bacterium Streptomyces erythreus. Other macrolide antibiotics are semi-synthetic derivatives. Macrolide antibiotics act by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. Erythromycin is an oral macrolide antibiotic that has been widely used since it was first discovered. Erythromycin has been associated with rare cases of acute liver injury, which is usually self-limited but can result in serious injury and death.
Erythromycin is an antibiotic that has been widely used for many years to treat mild to moderate bacterial infections caused by sensitive agents.
Specific indications include mild to moderate upper or lower respiratory tract infections, Legionnaires' disease and intestinal amebiasis. Erythromycin is commonly used as a second-line agent when penicillin is contraindicated.
Due to its frequency of use, erythromycin has been one of the most common causes of drug-induced liver injury in previous years. However, clinically significant liver injury due to erythromycin is rare today.
Initially, liver damage was thought to be more common or perhaps limited to erythromycin estolate. However, cases of jaundice and liver injury have been reported with almost all formulations of erythromycin, and cross-sensitivity to injury is common, though not universal.
The main techniques used to extract macrolides from various matrices are solid phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction. Conventional liquid chromatography (LC) plays a dominant role in the determination of macrolides, while ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) reduces runtime and increases sensitivity. Serving as a universal sensing technique, mass spectrometry (MS) has replaced ultraviolet (UV), fluorometric, and electrochemical sensing for multi-macrolide analysis.
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