Salicylic acid belongs to a group of drugs known as salicylates. When applied to the skin, salicylic acid works by helping to remove dead cells from the top layer of the skin and reducing redness and inflammation.
Salicylic acid helps to remove dirt, dead skin cells and excess oil that clog pores in the skin. This chemical is well known to reduce acne and accelerate healing by keeping pores clean. Salicylic acid penetrates the skin and works to dissolve particles that clog pores. Salicylic acid is also used in higher concentrations for the removal of acne, acne scars and age spots.
Salicylic acid is generally considered safe. However, when used for the first time, it can cause skin irritation and skin dryness. It can also cause tingling or stinging of the skin, itching and flaking of the skin. Salicylic acid toxicity is a rare condition.
Essentially, salicylic acid is a chemical compound derived from willow bark and belongs to a class of ingredients called salicylates. Its structure is somewhat complex. When it comes to skin care products, two groups of acids usually stand out: beta hydroxy acids and alpha hydroxy acids. Salicylic acid is a beta hydroxy acid. The hydroxy part of the molecule is separated from the acid part by two carbon atoms, unlike an alpha hydroxy acid, in which they are separated by one carbon atom. This structure is important because it makes salicylic acid more oil-soluble so it can penetrate the skin's pores.
Alpha hydroxy acids are water soluble while beta hydroxy acids are oil soluble. Examples of alpha hydroxy acids include glycolic and lactic acids. Generally, fat-soluble components more easily penetrate the lipid layers between skin cells. That is, fat-soluble ingredients can penetrate the skin at a deeper level than their water-soluble counterparts. At this point, salicylic acid dissolves the skin remnants that clog pores and helps inflamed acne to disappear faster. This ingredient can penetrate the skin so deeply that it really disrupts the connections between skin cells.
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