The standard “Renault D42 3109 Determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) - Vehicle passenger compartment materials” developed by the French automobile company Renault describes a test method for assessing the amount of volatile organic compounds (VOC) by thermal desorption / GC-MS. Thermal desorption is an environmental remediation technology that uses heat to increase the volatility of pollutants so that they can be removed from the solid matrix. The volatilized contaminants are then either collected or thermally destroyed. Thermal desorption removes organic pollutants by heating them in a machine called a thermal desorber to vaporize them. Evaporation converts contaminants into vapors (gases) and separates them from the solid material.
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When talking about the car interior, one of the most intensely discussed topics is low emissions because most car manufacturing companies are working on improving the air quality in the passenger compartment. But in this context, low emissions are not just emissions, but the combination of odor, misting, and emissions.
Vehicles are indoor environments where people spend a significant amount of time. Despite the relatively short exposure time, pollutants in cabin air can pose a serious health risk to people inside the vehicle. Regular vehicle use exposes people to toxic pollutants on a daily basis. According to one study, commuting to work by car or subway accounts for approximately 10-20 percent of a person's total VOC exposure.
Because most vehicles have a small interior space, airborne concentrations of various chemicals and organic compounds are often higher than in other indoor environments, depending on the age of the vehicle and other factors. The main sources of vehicle indoor air pollution include off-gassing from interior materials, such as carpets, synthetic fibres, leather, plastics, rubbers, adhesives, paints and similar materials. The most studied volatile organic compounds in vehicle cabin air are those with the greatest potential toxicity to humans, including BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene), styrene, and carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Over 250 VOCs have been detected in the unconditioned cabins of new cars leaving production. Among these, aliphatic hydrocarbons (both alkanes and cycloalkanes) are the dominant group in all cases.
In the Renault D42 3109 standard, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is mainly used in the method of thermal desorption of the amount of volatile organic compounds. GC-MS is a high-performance mass spectrometry system used for the determination of elements in multicomponent mixtures, separation of samples in the gas phase or that can be gasified by mass chromatographic method, and qualitative and quantitative studies.
Gas chromatography systems are widely used in the analysis of all compounds that pass into the volatile phase. Today, this system is used in air, soil and water analysis (phenol, aldehyde determinations), agriculture and food safety regulations (herbicide, pesticide, hydrocarbon determinations), drug development and production processes, polymer and petrochemical analyzes (saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon determinations). It is even used to identify the atmospheric components of planets.
Essentially, four action areas for Renault address major environmental issues:
The Renault D42 3109 standard is briefly aimed at materials for passenger vehicle evaluation of the amount of volatile organic compounds.
Among the numerous testing, measurement, analysis and evaluation studies carried out for businesses in various sectors, our organization, with its trained and expert staff and advanced technological equipment, evaluates the amount of volatile organic compounds (VOC) by thermal desorption / GC-MS within the scope of the Renault D42 3109 standard. It also provides testing services for
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