In thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) technique, a test sample is subjected to a controlled temperature program in a controlled environment and the mass of the substance is monitored as a function of temperature or time. In other words, thermogravimetric analysis technique is a technique in which the weight of a material increases or decreases when it is heated. In this method, the weight of the sample is measured while a material is heated or cooled in an oven.
-testleri.jpg "Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) Tests")
The thermogravimetric analyzer consists of a sample pan supported by a precision scale. This pan is placed in an oven and heated or cooled during the experiment. Meanwhile, the mass of the sample is monitored. The sample cleaning gas controls the sample environment. This gas can be inert or a reactive gas flowing through the sample or exiting an exhaust. The thermogravimetric analyzer uses gravity to obtain very accurate and repeatable measurements.
These devices can measure water loss, solvent loss, plasticizer loss, decarboxylation (removal of carbon dioxide from an amino acid), pyrolysis (burning in an oxygen-free environment), oxidation, decomposition, percentage of filler, the amount of metallic catalytic residue remaining on carbon nanotubes, and the percentage of ash by weight. All these measurable applications are usually done on heating, but there are some tests where information can be obtained after cooling.
As can be seen, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) technique is an analytical technique used to determine the thermal stability of a material and the fraction of volatile components by monitoring the weight change that occurs when a sample is heated at a constant rate.
The thermogravimetric analysis method serves as a very useful tool to understand the thermal phenomena associated with nanomaterials and polymer composites when subjected to heating under predetermined heating rate and temperature conditions.
The thermogravimetric analysis technique is a thermal analysis that monitors sample mass against time or temperature on a controlled environmental furnace. The equipment consists of an oven, micro balance, temperature controller and a data acquisition system. The mass sample is measured on a microbalance while it is being heated or cooled in the furnace according to a predetermined schedule.
This technique is a low cost technique, a small sample is sufficient and allows quantitative or qualitative analysis. However, this technique is a destructive analysis and the analysis may not always be accurate due to the presence of volatile components in the sample.
Thermogravimetric analysis technique (TGA) is used to determine the thermal stability, oxidative stability, chemical composition and water content in biopolymer films. This technique is used as a useful tool to verify the incorporation of nanoparticles and active compounds into biopolymer films or membranes by monitoring the increase or decrease in thermal degradation peaks or by evaluating the fastest or delayed thermal degradation.
In short, thermogravimetry is the process of determining the weight of the material according to the combination of temperature and time. This method is often used to investigate the thermal properties of a substance under heating environments. The oven temperature rises up to 2000 degrees and can analyze sample weights up to 1 gram. The oven of the device is designed as a radiant heating chamber. There is a temperature controller, precision balance, gas supply system and data analyzer on it. Approximately 7-8 milligrams of test sample or powder are placed on the precision balance and the temperature is continuously recorded with a device under the basket. Generally, two types of graphs are obtained in these analyzes:
These curves are also used to derive other parameters such as the kinetics of the reaction.
The main standards based on these tests are:
Generally analyzed materials include polymers, organic materials, adhesives, food, coatings, prescription drugs, rubber, composites, laminates, petroleum, chemicals, explosive plastics and biological samples.
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