These test methods cover procedures for determining the volume and surface resistivity of solid electrical insulating materials and calculations for determining the volume and surface resistivity.
Both volume resistivity and surface resistivity tests are affected by the following factors: the magnitude and duration of voltage application, the structure and geometry of the electrodes, the temperature and humidity of the ambient atmosphere and samples during conditioning and measurement. Suggestions have been made for these factors.
Insulating materials are generally used to isolate the components of an electrical system from each other and from the ground; solid insulating materials can also provide mechanical support. For these purposes, it is generally desirable to have as high insulation resistance as possible, consistent with acceptable mechanical, chemical and heat resistant properties. While the surface resistivity changes very rapidly with humidity, the volume resistivity changes only slowly, although the final change is greater.
A very stable direct voltage source is required. This can be achieved with batteries or a rectified and stabilized power supply. The degree of stability required is that the change in current resulting from any change in voltage is negligible compared to the current to be measured.
Electrodes for insulating materials should be of a material that is readily applicable, allows close contact with the sample surface, and does not introduce appreciable error due to electrode resistance or contamination of the sample. The electrode material must be corrosion resistant under the test conditions.
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