The ISO 27447 standard, developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), specifies a test method for determining the antibacterial activity of materials containing a photocatalyst or having photocatalytic films on the surface by measuring the bacterial count under ultraviolet light irradiation.
ISO 27447 is designed for use with different types of semiconductor photocatalytic materials used in building materials, basic material forms for various applications, in the form of flat sheet, wood, sheet or textiles. It does not contain powder, granular or porous photocatalytic materials.
This test method is generally applicable to photocatalytic materials produced for antibacterial activity. Other types of performance of photocatalytic materials, namely decomposition of water pollutants, self-cleaning, anti-fogging and air purification are not determined by this method. The values expressed in ISO 27447 conform to the International System of Units (SI).
Technically, the photocatalysis process is the activity that occurs when a light source interacts with the surface of semiconductor materials (photocatalysts).
During this process, at least two simultaneous reactions occur: oxidation through photogenerated holes and reduction from photogenerated electrons. Photocatalysis process is used to decompose pollutants in the environment and improve the quality of atmospheric air. For this reason, photocatalysis is generally used in the construction industry to improve indoor air quality.
It has been known since the 1920s that titanium dioxide exhibits photocatalytic properties when darkened by ultraviolet radiation. Both holes and electrons are produced by light stimulation.
With the rapid development of the global industry, the increasing environmental pollution and the depletion of energy skis have increased awareness of the global crisis. Efforts to develop an effective method to overcome these problems have increased in recent years. Among them, semiconductor photocatalysis is one of the most promising technologies. This technology shows a way to harness the energy of natural sunlight or artificial indoor lighting.
Today, titanium dioxide is used as an excellent photocatalyst material for the environment and energy fields, including air and water purification, self-cleaning surfaces, antibacterial and water separation. Various studies are underway to increase the efficiency of the titanium dioxide based photocatalyst used for photocatalytic antibacterial applications, including combining with metal ions, noble metals, additives and other materials with non-metals. The modified titanium dioxide photocatalyst significantly inhibits the growth of bacterial cells in response to visible light illumination.
The ISO 27447 standard is the result of continued efforts to provide test methods for photocatalytic materials and has been developed for antibacterial activity. However, this test method is not suitable for the antibacterial activity measurement of test pieces with permeable or rough surfaces. These measurements require other test methods.
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