This standard specifies methods for determining the compression set properties of vulcanized and thermoplastic rubbers at ambient temperature (one method) or at elevated temperatures (three methods A, B, and C, depending on how the test piece is released at the end).
The methods aim to measure the ability of rubbers with hardness in the range of 10 IRHD to 95 IRHD to retain their elastic properties at certain temperatures after prolonged compression at constant tension (normally 25%) under one of the defined sets of alternating conditions. A lower compression stress is used for rubber with a nominal hardness of 80 IRHD and above: 80% for a nominal hardness of 89 IRHD to 15 IRHD and 90% for a nominal hardness of 95 IRHD to 10 IRHD.
When rubber is held under compression, physical or chemical changes can occur that prevent the rubber from returning to its original dimensions after the deforming force is released. The result is a cluster whose size depends on the time, temperature and recovery conditions as well as the time and temperature of compression. At high temperatures, chemical changes become more and more significant, leading to a permanent clump.
Brief compression tests at elevated temperatures, typically 24 hours, are widely used as a measure of cure state, a tool for material classification, and a specification to ensure the quality of a compound. Longer tests, typically lasting 1 hours at elevated temperatures, take into account the effect of aging and are often used to predict service performance, including sealants.
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