Developed by the International Standards Organization (ISO), this part of the ISO 3451 standard specifies appropriate test conditions and general methods for the determination of ash from a range of plastics. The specific conditions selected can be included in the technical specifications of the plastic material in question.
Special conditions applicable to poly(alkylene terephthalate) materials, unplasticized cellulose acetate, polyamides and poly(vinyl chloride) plastics, including certain special filled, glass fiber reinforced and flame retardant materials, ISO 3451-2 , ISO 3451-3, ISO It is specified in 3451-4 and ISO 3451-5.
Persons using this standard should be familiar with normal laboratory practice, if any. This standard does not purport to address all, if any, safety concerns associated with its use. It is the user's responsibility to establish appropriate safety and health practices.
It is possible to determine the ash of an organic material by four main methods (methods A, B, C and D).
Method A: It can be carried out by two different procedures, direct calcination, i.e. burning the organic matter and heating the residue at high temperature until constant mass is reached; incineration and calcination as a single step in a muffle furnace if possible (method A - rapid ashing), it should be shown that rapid ashing gives the same results as method A.
Method B: Calcination after sulfation, which can be performed with two different procedures;
It is a method of after combustion by sulfuric acid treatment, that is, by combustion of organic matter, converting the inorganic residue to sulfates with concentrated sulfuric acid, and heating the residue at high temperature until the temperature constant mass is reached. This is the common method of obtaining "sulphated ash".
Method C: This procedure removes volatile metal during combustion of organic matter.
can be used where halides tend to evaporate. Not applicable to silicones or fluorine-containing polymers.
Method D: In any case, the final step of the procedure is calcination at a predefined temperature.
The ash mass may vary according to the calcination temperature. For example, higher temperatures, such as 850 °C, convert calcium carbonate and other carbonates into their oxides, thus giving lower values for ash.
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