Wind Energy Lightning Test

Lightning Tests

Wind Energy Lightning Test

Lightning Engineering and IEC 61400-24 Test Capabilities

EUROLAB offers the following electromagnetic phenomenon services for your wind power application:

Wind Energy Lightning Test

Engineering services:

Protection Design:

  • Blades including traditional make-up, CFRP make-up, icing / defrosting technology, electronic systems and controllers
  • Supervisory Control and Data Collection (SCADA)
  • Control Electronics
  • Power distribution
  • Structural components, including hubs, spinners, nacelle, mechanical drivetrain and deflection control systems, tower installations, grounding and equipotential bonding

Digital Simulation Services

  • Knives with Candidate Protection Designs using COMSOL Multiphysics
  • Blade, Hub, Nacelle, Tower, and Grounding Installations to predict responses to lightning strikes and performance of protection designs
  • Evaluation for protection devices (SPD, TVS, Shielding etc.)

Exposure assessments - zoning (LPX) according to IEC 61400-24

Damage Risk Assessments for on-site or off-site turbine inspections for incident investigation

Retrofit Design Services

Protection Verification Services:

Certification Test Planning and documentation

Direct Effects Test on blade samples up to 61400 meters according to IEC 24-15 Annex D

High Voltage Impulse Connection Test

  • First Leader Attachment (Type A and Type B test methods)
  • Swept Channel Attachment

High Current Physical Damage Tests

  • Up to 6 kA with 300 MJ and 200 C via arc input and transmitted current

COMSOL Analytical Modeling for Turbine Systems and Structures

EUROLAB uses COMSOL as the modeling environment. Our fully validated, industry-standard modeling suite solves differential and partial differential equation systems that contain the materials and boundary conditions specified in the model.

Our modeling approach supports physical connections such as heat transfer and currents, and offers countless options for customizing and developing models for almost any situation.

EUROLAB develops electromagnetic models for wind turbine blades, analyzes the distributions between structural carbon and surface protection layers, determines transient voltages and currents to optimize lightning conductor positions, tolerances and more. We can accurately simulate the IEC 62305 waveforms required for all lightning protection levels (LPL).

Development and Replication Methodology

In general, models are created by decomposing CAD-level data into COMSOL local shapes. This allows determination of what is electromagnetically important, such as currents or currents induced through the blade, including CFRP pultrusions, heater elements, surface protection layers, and down conductors.

Models capture critical design details such as material thicknesses, conductor orientation, and receptor locations. The assessment reveals performance risks, such as the arc between conductive materials and blade elements, the arc between structures and transient currents induced to control systems.

EUROLAB models simulate physics through Maxwell's equations and set up the test setup, i.e. return paths to the generator, etc. It is produced to reproduce. These are critical for initial model development. Replicated test setup results are compared to measurements taken unchanged to “match” the measurements.

Analysis and Validation Methodology

EUROLAB engineers conduct analyzes to evaluate existing distributions for one or more candidate protection designs aimed at transmitting the lightning current with the lowest damage or repair potential. In order for these model data to be considered to be truly high accuracy, measurements taken during laboratory tests need to be fully verified and compared to analytical data to determine correlation. Such tests typically include:

  • High-voltage impact attachment tests on a wing tip to identify possible joints, puncture possibilities and internal streamer positions
  • High current physical damage tests on ~ 1m2 panel to determine the current transmission efficiency of buried lightning protection materials
  • Stimulated transient tests on internal wiring harnesses to determine induced voltage / current amplitudes and assess the potential for damage to installed electrical equipment

Fully Enhanced Models

Fully developed models have many benefits. These models, which are used for collecting early life cycle data, allow to examine areas where measurements are taken or not, and to make better decisions. Early life cycle modeling reduces certification risks, validates design methods for future (similar) designs, and allows similarity analyzes in future designs to reduce testing needs.

Our team helps in selecting materials and attachment methods that are most likely to be robust and require less repair after lightning strikes. We evaluate protection design materials and features such as connections, SPL and ETH pads to maintain the effects of multiple strokes.

In short, analytical models have been shown to reduce project life cycle testing costs and provide insight for basic design decisions.

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